Medical Marijuana Argumentative Essay - 2136 Words

Medical Marijuana Marijuana has been used around the world for thousands of years to treat a wide variety of ailments. Chinese emperor Shen Nung was the first to record marijuana as a medical drug in 2737 B.C. He documented the drug’s effectiveness in treating the pains associated with rheumatism and gout. The legalization of medical marijuana has long been debated within American society and Government. Marijuana was a legal source for medicines in the U.S. until the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, which federally prohibited marijuana. Prior to the enactment of the Marijuana Tax Act, there were at least twenty-seven legal medicines that contained marijuana available in the U.S. In 1970, The Controlled Substances Act placed marijuana into a†¦show more content†¦In March 2008, then Governor Barack Obama stated in an interview with Gary Nelson of the Oregon Mail Tribune, â€Å"When it comes to medical marijuana, I have more of a practical view than anything else. My attitud e is that if its an issue of doctors prescribing medical marijuana as a treatment for glaucoma or as a cancer treatment, I think that should be appropriate because there really is no difference between that and a doctor prescribing morphine or anything else.† In a Harris Poll taken in February of 2011, 74 percent of Americans support the legalization of marijuana for medical treatment. Government organizations send the message that legalization of medical marijuana will result in increased recreational use, especially among adolescents. This claim is unfounded and sends the wrong message to the general public. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the U.S. By legalizing marijuana, even for medical reasons, the wrong message is being sent out to our nation’s youth. Currently there are more young people being treated for marijuana dependency than for all other illegal drugs, and alcohol combined. Marijuana is also a gateway drug. A study conducted by the Jou rnal of the American Medical Association found that out of 300 sets of twins, the marijuana-using twins were four times more likely than their siblings to use cocaine and crack cocaine.Show MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana1128 Words   |  5 PagesDespite medical marijuana laws in 44 states, marijuana is still considered illegal under federal law. In the state of Wyoming any person found using or under the influences of marijuana is subject to a misdemeanor punishable by a maximum of 6 months imprisonment and a maximum fine of $750, or both. Federal marijuana laws are very serious, and the punishment for people found guilty is frequently very harsh. Federal law still considers marijuana very dangerous illegal a drug with no relationRead MoreMedical Marijuana Argumentative Essay891 Words   |  4 Pageschemicals in medical marijuana. Marijuana, when used medically, can reduce anxiety, depression, and nausea, as well as many other uses. It helps strengthen the economy. Addiction is a huge worry, but marijuana used to get people off of crack and meth, so how addictive can it really be? With medical marijuana, the skys the limit. Medical marijuana has tons of potential in the world of meds, it can get tons of money through taxes, and isn’t as addictive as people believe. Medically, marijuana has tonsRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana753 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States, marijuana legalization is a highly debated topic. Marijuana has many benefits to the body and the community. It can be used medicinally or recreationally and serves a number of purposes. Marijuana has been proven to treat a number of diseases and conditions, causes a decline in deaths due to overdose from opioid pains, and serves a plethora of additional benefits. I strongly feel that sooner rather than later, marijuana should be federally legalized so that citizens can haveRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana1990 Words   |  8 PagesLegalizing marijuana is one of the most controversial topics throughout the United States. The debate revolves around a multitude of ideas, beliefs, and facts associated with marijuana. Whether or not it will become legalized in every state stays a mystery, but as of right now eight states and the District of Colum bia have passed laws allowing for the personal possession and consumption of marijuana for adults. There are also twenty-nine states in addition to the District of Columbia that have aRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana1167 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people hear the word marijuana, they often think of a gateway drug. Marijuana has been one of the top misunderstood â€Å"drug† there have been and will probably remain on being a misunderstood â€Å"drug†. Should marijuana be legalized? This has been a controversial question for a long time now. Marijuana should be legalized. Not only is marijuana beneficial to many people but it can even have an impact in our future. Marijuana should be legalized because it can help bring more money to the country,Read MoreArgumentative Essay On Medical Marijuana1301 Words   |  6 PagesMadison Summers Medical Marijuana   Ã‚  Ã‚   According to a survey by pubmed.gov, â€Å"92 percent said that medical marijuana alleviated symptoms of their serious medical conditions, including chronic pain, arthritis, migraine, and cancer.† 86 percent of the United States believe that Cannabis has valid medical uses, says statista.com. Definitions.com states that, â€Å"medical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis or marijuana, including constituents of cannabis, THC and other cannabinoids, as a physician-recommendedRead Morethree arguments Essay741 Words   |  3 Pagescritical argument analysis essay, focuses on three professional essays and how these authors construct their arguments using opinion and evidence. There are many different ways in which authors can construct their arguments. In the highly controversial topic of legalizing marijuana I found three very different styles of arguments in which the authors backed up their opinions with facts. In my reading of these arguments each writer had there own style. The first essay by Stephen B. Duke, CannabisRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legal960 Words   |  4 PagesA college student walking down the street on a pitch black night, has a brief encounter with a cop while smoking a joint for his post-traumatic stress disorder, and unfortunately gets arrested, even though marijuana seems to be his only temporary cure. I believe marijuana has many medical benefits, and certain people need it to live a normal, productive life. Opponents of legalizing it have argued that doing so would do more harm than good, however they turn a blind eye to scientific studies provingRead MoreArgumentive Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Argumentative Essay Legalization of Marijuana Ashley Bassett Eng. 1301 Instructor: Pam Hesser pg.1 The recreational use of Marijuana should be legalized. According to the New York Times The social costs of the marijuana laws are vast. There were 658,000 arrests for marijuana possession in 2012, according to F.B.I. Figures compared with 256,000 for cocaine, heroin and their derivatives. Even worse, the result is racist, falling disproportionately on youngRead MoreArgumentative Essay : The Legalization Of Marijuana1293 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative Essay: The Legalization of Marijuana in the United States Should we legalize marijuana? That is an excellent question. First, we must explore the history of Cannabis. Cannabis was introduced to the United States in the 1600’s, first encouraged by the federal government for domestic hemp production, cannabis soon became a required crop for farmers to grow. Hemp was recognized for its medical benefits and was the main fiber used in industrial textiles. Marijuana thrived until the early

Application Of A Video Card - 1009 Words

6. Connect the SATA data cable to the rear of the drive. 7. Connect the other end of the SATA cable to the proper connector on the motherboard. (Refer to the motherboard documentation for help.) 8. Connect the power cable to the rear of the drive. 9. If you are installing multiple optical drives, repeat steps 3 – 8. 10. Replace and secure cover. Section 8: Installing a Video Card. When purchasing a video card you have to make sure that the card is compatible with the motherboard in your computer. Ensure that the power supply in the computer will provide the necessary voltage to drive the card and that the PCI connector on the card matches the slot on the motherboard. 1. Ensure power is removed from the computer. 2. Remove the case cover. 3. Locate the proper PCI x16 slot. (Refer to the motherboard documentation for help.) 4. Remove the card from the anti-static packaging. 5. Align the card with the slot and firmly insert the card, use enough pressure to ensure that the locking mechanism is engaged and not damage the card. 6. If the card requires external power, connect it to the card. (Refer to the video card documentation to locate the proper connector.) 7. Replace and secure the cover. Section 9: Connecting the Monitor, Keyboard, and Mouse. When connecting the video monitor, ensure that the cable being used has the proper connectors. The common connectors are: VGA, DVI, HDMI, and S-Video. For the keyboard and mouse, older systems used a serial connector.Show MoreRelatedCMOS Essay / 1998 Words   |  4 Pagescable that connects a phone or any portable music player to a vehicle’s amplifier and speakers. VGA VGA (video graphics array) is a cable that is used to connect an analog PC monitor to a PC/laptop. DVI DVI (digital visual interface) is a cable used for video display interface. HDMI HDMI (high definition multimedia interface) is a cable that is connected to a computer monitor, video projector and digital television to better quality. Parallel A parallel cable is a series of metal wires thatRead MoreSample Letter For Your Safety1234 Words   |  5 PagesContents For your safety Get started Keys and parts Insert the SIM card Switch the phone on Lock the keys and screen Charge your phone Connect the headset Your first H-phone? Set up your phone Explore your tiles, apps, and settings Navigate inside an app Use the touch screen Transfer content to your H-PHONE Basics What’s new in this release? Get to know your phone Accounts Personalize your phone Accessibility Take a screenshotRead MoreDifferent Types Of Cloud Storage : Information And Drives1620 Words   |  7 Pagesoften used for the same purposes as the floppy disks or CDs were used. This means they are used for storage, data back-up and transfer of computer files from one computer to another one. 2GB TO 256GB SD/ MICRO SD MEMORY CARD Micro SD is a type of removable flash memory card used for storing information, data, and etc. This type is mainly used in Mobile Phones, Tablets and Cameras. 2GB TO 256GB MAGNETIC TAPE STORAGE Magnetic tape data storage is a system for storing digital information on itRead MoreName of Twenty Software and Hardware and Their Use1521 Words   |  7 Pagesof a data processing system. There are mainly two categories of software- * System software * Operating system * Utility program * Application software System software System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operation of the computer and its devices. It serves the interference between the user, application software, and the computer’s hardware. 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Bee Colony Algorithm For Rectangle Packing Problems Design Essay Free Essays

string(54) " length L of infinite occupied is minimized \[ 1 \] \." Packing job is considered as an NP-hard job. It is an optimisation job of happening an optimum agreement of a set of points in a larger container with the aim of minimising the spread on the packing country or maximising the container use. This sort of job occurs in different industries and is important in mechanical design and industry, transit and in the development of a good layout design of an endeavor [ 9 ] . We will write a custom essay sample on Bee Colony Algorithm For Rectangle Packing Problems Design Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This job has been studied and different algorithms have been applied to come up with an optimum wadding agreement. Some optimisation algorithms that were used in work outing were familial algorithm and atom drove algorithm. Furthermore, another optimisation and swarm-based algorithm called the Artificial Bee Colony ( ABC ) algorithm is presented in this paper. It is an algorithm that is based on the scrounging behavior of bees. In this survey, the research worker will utilize the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm in happening an optimum agreement of jammed rectangles. Packing jobs consider a set of points and a bin that will keep the points which aim to pack points every bit dumbly as possible with really optimum to no spreads. Packing jobs are helpful and widely used in several Fieldss such as in fabrication and in state of affairss like make fulling up containers, lading burden, ship edifice, building and ornament layout and so on [ .. ] . Packing jobs are classified depending on the job ‘s application and aim. Some of the most of import jobs such as cutting stock, backpack and bin packing [ 4 ] are defined below. The cutting stock job is about cutting various-sized pieces out on a given stock sheets. The job can either be a trim-loss job or an mixture job. Trim-loss Problem Trim-loss job is the allotment onto stock sheets of pieces of different sizes demanded by the clients with the purpose of minimising the cost of waste. Assortment Problem The mixture job is concerned in finding the size of the pieces or points to be kept in stock of sheets such that the best choice of points is used so waste is minimized. Knapsack Problem The backpack job describes the procedure of packing the most valuable points into a fixed-sized storage such as a backpack. The job consists of points with matching weights and values and a backpack of limited capacity. The aim of the backpack job is to find which points that maximize the value should be in the backpack given that the entire weight of the points is at most of the weight of the backpack. Taken from [ 12 ] Figure.1: Illustration on the backpack job Bin Packing Bin wadding job has a aggregation of points of different sizes and a figure of bins holding the same horizontal and perpendicular dimensions. There are different sorts of bin packing such as 2D wadding, 3D wadding, additive wadding, battalion by weight and more [ 14 ] . The aim of the job is to merely pack the points into the bins minimising the figure of bins used. Taken from [ 13 ] Figure.2: Bin wadding of different forms Loading Problems Loading jobs deal with rectangular boxes that are to be packed into a rectangular palette. These jobs can be classified into maker ‘s and distributer ‘s burden jobs [ 4 ] . Manufacturer ‘s and distributer ‘s burden jobs are chiefly concerned with the wadding of indistinguishable and non-identical rectangular pieces severally. The aim of lading jobs is to happen an optimum wadding form such that the figure of boxes to be placed in a certain palette or container is maximized. Taken from [ 15 ] Figure.3: Illustration on palette burden jobs for indistinguishable boxes Other Discrepancies of Packing Problems There are several sorts of packing jobs. The followers are some packing jobs that deal in â€Å" happening the maximal figure of a certain form that can be packed into a larger, possibly different form † [ 3 ] . Sphere in Cuboid – a sphere wadding job that involves in happening an optimum agreement of given a set of spherical objects with diameter vitamin D be packed into a cuboid with a size of a ten B x degree Celsius Packing Circles – are some circle packing jobs that attempt to pack a set of indistinguishable circles into a circle or another form Taken from [ 5 ] A ; [ 6 ] Figure.4: ( a ) Circles in circle, ( B ) Circles in square ( degree Celsius ) Circles in equilateral trigon and ( vitamin D ) Circles in regular hexagon Packing Squares – shows a set of indistinguishable squares packed inside a form such as the square and circle Taken from [ 5 ] A ; [ 6 ] Figure.5: ( a ) Squares in square and ( B ) Squares in circle Rectangle Packing Problems Rectangle Packing Problem Definition Rectangle wadding job is an optimisation job of apportioning a set of rectangle points into a larger rectangle, the container with the aim of minimising the packing country or the country wasted [ 8 ] . The set of rectangle points has different dimensions of width tungsten and tallness H and the entire country of the points should non transcend the country of the container width W and height H. The arrangement of the points is described by the undermentioned set of restraints [ 8 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] . No imbrication of rectangle points. No points must be wider or taller than the size of the container. Edges of the points must be parallel to the container ‘s border Taken from [ 7 ] Figure.6: Illustration of a authoritative rectangle wadding job process Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.7: A sample wadding of 9 rectangular points – 90o rotary motion allowed Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.8: A sample packing – fixed orientation, no rotary motion allowed Other Rectangle Packing Problems Packing Into An Open-ended Rectangle The job is described as arrangement, without overlapping, a set of rectangle points of different sizes in an open-ended rectangular container of width W. A rotary motion of 90A ° is allowed every bit long as no points overlap. All the rectangle points should be pack in manner that the entire length L of infinite occupied is minimized [ 1 ] . You read "Bee Colony Algorithm For Rectangle Packing Problems Design Essay" in category "Essay examples" Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.9: A possible agreement of eight points Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.10: Packing into an open-ended rectangles with three different breadths. Packing Into Rectangles of Fixed Size The thought behind this job is similar to usual bin packing jobs. It consists of rectangle points of different horizontal and perpendicular dimensions and a set of rectangular sheets of fixed length and breadth. The aim is to â€Å" happen an agreement of the pieces that minimizes the figure of sheets needed † [ 1 ] . Taken from [ 1 ] Figure.11: Packing into fixed sized rectangles Drove Intelligence Swarm intelligence is defined as â€Å" any effort to plan algorithms or distributed problem-solving devices inspired by the corporate behavior of societal insect settlements and other carnal societies † [ 19 ] . What makes drove based algorithms an interesting mechanism for work outing jobs particularly NP-complete jobs is the two cardinal constructs within, self-organisation and division of labor. Some illustrations of swarm-inspired algorithms and surveies are Particle Swarm Optimization ( PSO ) , ant settlement, bee settlement, flock of birds and more [ 19 ] . The Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm The Artificial Bee Colony ( ABC ) algorithm is a nature-inspired optimisation algorithm defined by Dervis Karaboga in 2005 [ 2 ] . Based on the scrounging behavior of bees, the purpose of the algorithm is to happen nutrient beginnings with high nectar sums and finally take the 1 with the highest sum. In the ABC algorithm, bees are grouped into employed bees, looker-on bees and lookout bees. The employed bees are the 1 that exploit and keep the information of a peculiar nutrient beginning. The information on a specific nutrient beginning is so shared by each employed bees to the looker-on bees through a shake dance. Then, nutrient choice is done by the looker-on bees. These bees determine the quality of the nutrient beginnings and acquire to take the best nutrient beginning. When a nutrient beginning of an employed bee has been abandoned, this bee becomes a lookout bee. Scout bees are responsible for researching and seeking possible nutrient beginnings around the country. The Waggle Dance Bees need to pass on with other bees in order for them to happen and garner nutrient indispensable for the endurance of their settlement. One of the most interesting and challenging mechanisms of discoursing around the carnal land peculiarly Apis melliferas is dancing. Information on a certain nutrient beginning off from their hive is passed on to other bees through a shake dance. A shake dance is performed by a lookout bee informing his hive mates the exact way and distance to the nutrient beginning. During the shake dance, the bee performs an eight-figure form dance where it foremost walks in a consecutive line while waggling his tail back and Forth. Then looping is done in jumping waies and travels the consecutive line over and over once more capable to the way and the distance being relayed. Walking in the consecutive line indicates the way and figure of shakes refers to the distance of the nutrient beginning [ 16 ] [ 17 ] . Taken from [ 16 ] Figure.12: The shake dance The Algorithm The chief stairss of the ABC algorithm from [ 19 ] consisting of the employed bees, the looker-on bees and the lookout bees is given below. Figure.13: Main stairss of ABC Pseudocode of ABC The elaborate pseudocode of the ABC algorithm shown in [ 20 ] is given below: Initialize the population of solutions Xi Measure the population cycle=1 Repeat Produce new solutions ( nutrient beginning places ) Vi in the vicinity of Xi for the employed bees. Apply Greedy Selection Calculate the chance values Pi for the solutions Xi by agencies of their fittingness values utilizing the equation Normalize Pi values into [ 0,1 ] Produce the new solutions ( new places ) Vi for the looker-ons from the solutions Xi, Apply Greedy Selection Process for the looker-ons between Xi and Vi Determine abandoned Solutions, and replace it with new randomly produced solutions Xi for the lookout Memorize the best nutrient beginning place achieved so far rhythm = cycle+1 UNTIL ( rhythm = Maximum Cycle Number ) Initially, random executable solutions ( nutrient beginnings ) are generated and evaluated. Then, the employed bees will seek for new solutions in the vicinity out of the current solutions and the greedy choice is applied. The choice of much fitter solutions is done by the looker-on bees and is dependent on the fittingness value. The nutrient beginnings that do non better after a series of loop are abandoned and the bee associated to it eventually becomes a lookout. The lookout will seek for a new nutrient beginning once more. The whole procedure continues until the expiration standard is satisfied. Neighbourhood Search Neighbourhood searching is the procedure of bring forthing better solutions from the current executable solutions. A new solution is generated utilizing the equation below: ( 1 ) where XA ­ij is the value of cell in solution XA ­i ( current solution ) which is indiscriminately picked, XA ­kj is the value of cell J in XA ­k, a random solution non equal to XA ­i, O is a random value in the scope of [ 0, 1 ] . Greedy Selection The greedy choice is responsible of doing and taking the optimum solution at each phase of the procedure. Fitness Function A fittingness map determines the quality of a nutrient beginning ( solution ) . The higher the fitness value of the equation below, the better the solution is. ( 2 ) where is the cost map Probability Function The chance map determines the chance that a peculiar nutrient beginning will be preferred by looker-on bees. The chance value is calculated utilizing the expression below: ( 3 ) where I is the current nutrient beginning and Sn is the entire figure of nutrient beginnings. Literature Review In the paper â€Å" An Improved Genetic Algorithm for the Packing of Rectangles † by Ming Le Stefan Jakobs [ 22 ] in his paper entitled â€Å" On familial algorithms for the wadding of polygons † implemented a intercrossed attack to familial algorithm. Jakobs used the bottom-left-condition to cut down the figure of possible wadding forms. The initial population is composed of width-sorted sequence of agreements based on the bottom-left regulation. A rectangular piece is moved get downing from the upper right corner of the country and moving every bit far as to the bottom so allotment is done every bit far as to the left corner of the bounding rectangle. This construct of a intercrossed familial algorithm was besides used in wadding of polygons job. Chen Zhao, et al [ 23 ] introduced the construct of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization ( DPSO ) algorithm. In this method, a. For a elaborate treatment on the said method, see [ 23 ] . Statement of the Problem Packing jobs such as rectangle packing belongs to the category of NP-hard jobs since there is no easy manner to find the optimum solution for every instance. Finding the best manner of suiting a figure of rectangles into a larger rectangle is a clip devouring repeating undertaking and involves a really big solution infinite. The ABC algorithm, a new swarm-based methodological analysis, has been proven to be an efficient attack that solves optimisation jobs in assorted countries. Some research surveies besides show that ABC outperforms other optimisation techniques such as familial algorithm. In this survey, the ABC algorithm will be implemented to work out rectangle packing jobs. Therefore, this paper will prove the efficiency of the ABC algorithm in happening the best possible agreement of packing rectangles. Timeline The tabular array below shows the undertakings and their corresponding clip periods that I intend to set about to successfully finish this research. Undertaking No. Time Period Undertaking Description 1 Dec 13 – Dec 19, 2010 Research and reading of bing documents and published surveies sing rectangle wadding jobs and the ABC algorithm. Making of the first bill of exchange of the Thesis Proposal. 2 Dec 21, 2010 – Jan 04, 2011 Execution of the proposed algorithm. Making of the Proposed Approach portion of the thesis. 3 Jan 05, 2011 – Feb 2011 Testing and debugging. Experimentation stage. Making of the 10-page conference paper and 5-page URS paper. 4 Feb – Mar 2011 Finalizing of documents and other necessary demands 5 Mar 2011 Submission twenty-four hours How to cite Bee Colony Algorithm For Rectangle Packing Problems Design Essay, Essay examples

Advantages Of IT In Courier Business Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Advantages Of IT In Courier Business. Answer: Introduction In the present age, the impact of information and technology is vividly visible in various business operations. The IT shapes the business operations in much simpler and enhanced manner thus raising the demand for incorporation of IT in business management. In the recent times, the advent of IT in the courier companies is witnessed. Incorporation of IT in supply logistics have greatly gave the courier business a new form resulting in the much organized package deliveries and sorting as well as maintaining a healthy communication with the sender and the receiver. This report mainly highlights the advantages of IT in courier business. Role of IT in courier companies: Enhanced sorting practices Incorporation of IT in the courier industry has greatly improved the sorting process of the packages and the deliverables. Rather than the traditional methods of sorting the letters advent of technology have given rise to the semi-automatic as well as fully automatic process for the sorting of packages. This automatic sorting process have minimized human labor, improved the sorting speed and also made the system less erroneous resulting in much optimized delivery system. The manual process of package handling and sorting is replaced by barcode technology. Each of the packages is assigned with a unique security code which helps in the identification of the shipment with the help of the scanning system (Hasnan, Noordin Osman, 2014). In the present date, the barcode technology is further evolved to resulting in the much efficient automatic labeling and sorting process. The courier companies are also incorporating the RFID technology for the sorting process. Although this technology is much costlier but it provides with several advantages compared to the age long barcode technology. RFID allows the reading of the codes from distance, which in turn enhances the security and reduces the chance of human error (Xu, 2014). Delivery process and transportation The delivery process is also optimized with the incorporation of IT by the courier companies. Software related to the delivery management is utilized by number of courier companies. Utilization of such specialized software and the courier tracking software has made the delivery process much simpler and efficient at the same time. The GPS tracking system have enabled the sender and the receiver to monitor their shipments in regular basis (Lin et al. 2014). Certain innovative transportation technologies are also in progress. Innovative vehicles such as drones, electric vehicles will be utilized for transportation of the shipment in the near future. Famous courier companies such as DHL and FedEx have already adapted this innovative transportation technology (Gruber, Kihm Lenz, 2014). Conclusion In conclusion, it can be seen that the IT have greatly brought improvement in the various operations of the courier industry. Incorporation of the technology has optimized the sorting as well as delivery process of the shipments. It can be seen that the GPS based tracking applications has enabled much accurate tracking of the goods by the customers. Other than this, the technology based sorting system has made the overall shipment process much efficient. References Gruber, J., Kihm, A., Lenz, B. (2014). A new vehicle for urban freight? An ex-ante evaluation of electric cargo bikes in courier services.Research in Transportation Business Management,11, 53-62. Hasnan, N., Noordin, A., Osman, N. H. (2014). Six main innovation issues: A case of service innovation of postal and courier services in Malaysia.Journal of Technology Management and Business,1(1). Lin, C., Choy, K. L., Ho, G. T., Lam, H. Y., Pang, G. K., Chin, K. S. (2014). A decision support system for optimizing dynamic courier routing operations.Expert Systems with Applications,41(15), 6917-6933. Xu, X. (2014). IOT Technology Research in E-commerce.Information Technology Journal,13(16), 2552-2559.