Essay examples --

It is already well known that treating LPS to RAW 264.7 cells increases both the latter’s length and surface area, as the former is recognized by the latter as a PAMP (Christie). While the general direction of morphological change was predicted, its degree with respect to the concentration of LPS solution treated still remained in question. Thus, the investigation assessed the following two aspects of morphological change compared to their negative control groups: Difference in average length and surface area of RAW 264.7 cells. As shown in Figure 3 of this investigation, a positive correlation exists between the concentration of LPS solution treated and the difference in average length of RAW 264.7 cells compared to that of those of the negative control group; for instance, the latter increased from 14.385  µm to 53.763  µm as the former increased from 0.1  µg†¢ml-1 to 100  µg†¢ml-1. The latter’s magnitude of increase decreased with each increase in the former, exhibiting the correlation’s logarithmic behavior; compared to the latter’s increase from 25.215  µm to 44.001  µm as the former increased from 1  µg†¢ml-1 to 10  µg†¢ml-1, the latter’s increase from 44.001  µm to 53.763  µm as the former increased from 10  µg†¢ml-1 to 100  µg†¢ml-1 was marginal. The overall correlation between the two variables shown is strong, as evidenced by its high correlation coefficient value (R2=0.9846) and the absence of outliers throughout th e data. Figure 4 of this investigation also displays a positive correlation between the concentration of LPS solution treated and the difference in average surface area of RAW 264.7 cells compared to that of those of the negative control group; for instance, the latter increased from 55.714  µm2 to 277.400  µm2 as the former ... ...ral weaknesses were considered. For instance, fractures in cytoplasmic processes most likely have originated from physical damage rather than from immunologic interactions; repeated attempts to attach coverslips onto the SEM specimen stubs using carbon adhesive tabs seems to be the cause. Nevertheless, previous studies on relevant fields show that some transcription factors involved in TLR4 signaling pathway may regulate LPS-induced apoptosis in macrophages (Ma et al. 41827). Connections could thus be drawn between the concentration of LPS solution treated and RAW 264.7 cell death to some degree. The existence of a threshold value for LPS concentration to induce cell death may also explain the logarithmic correlations seen in differences in average length and surface area of RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting a limit to which the cells can undertake immunologic responses.